/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Project:  OGR ODBC Driver
 * Purpose:  Declarations for ODBC Access Cover API.
 * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2003, Frank Warmerdam
 * Copyright (c) 2008, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 ****************************************************************************/

#include <wchar.h>

#include "cpl_odbc.h"
#include "cpl_vsi.h"
#include "cpl_string.h"
#include "cpl_error.h"

#include <limits>
#include <mutex>

#ifndef SQLColumns_TABLE_CAT
#define SQLColumns_TABLE_CAT 1
#define SQLColumns_TABLE_SCHEM 2
#define SQLColumns_TABLE_NAME 3
#define SQLColumns_COLUMN_NAME 4
#define SQLColumns_DATA_TYPE 5
#define SQLColumns_TYPE_NAME 6
#define SQLColumns_COLUMN_SIZE 7
#define SQLColumns_BUFFER_LENGTH 8
#define SQLColumns_DECIMAL_DIGITS 9
#define SQLColumns_NUM_PREC_RADIX 10
#define SQLColumns_NULLABLE 11
#define SQLColumns_REMARKS 12
#define SQLColumns_COLUMN_DEF 13
#define SQLColumns_SQL_DATA_TYPE 14
#define SQLColumns_SQL_DATETIME_SUB 15
#define SQLColumns_CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH 16
#define SQLColumns_ORDINAL_POSITION 17
#define SQLColumns_IS_NULLABLE 18
#endif  // ndef SQLColumns_TABLE_CAT

/************************************************************************/
/*                           CPLODBCDriverInstaller()                   */
/************************************************************************/

CPLODBCDriverInstaller::CPLODBCDriverInstaller()
    : m_nErrorCode(0), m_nUsageCount(0)
{
    memset(m_szPathOut, '\0', ODBC_FILENAME_MAX);
    memset(m_szError, '\0', SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           InstallDriver()                            */
/************************************************************************/

int CPLODBCDriverInstaller::InstallDriver(const char *pszDriver,
                                          CPL_UNUSED const char *pszPathIn,
                                          WORD fRequest)
{
    CPLAssert(nullptr != pszDriver);

    // Try to install driver to system-wide location.
    if (FALSE == SQLInstallDriverEx(pszDriver, nullptr, m_szPathOut,
                                    ODBC_FILENAME_MAX, nullptr, fRequest,
                                    &m_nUsageCount))
    {
        const WORD nErrorNum = 1;  // TODO - a function param?

        // Failure is likely related to no write permissions to
        // system-wide default location, so try to install to HOME.

        static char *pszEnvIni = nullptr;

        // Read HOME location.
        const char *pszEnvHome = getenv("HOME");
        CPLAssert(nullptr != pszEnvHome);
        CPLDebug("ODBC", "HOME=%s", pszEnvHome);

        const char *pszEnvOdbcSysIni = nullptr;
        if (pszEnvIni == nullptr)
        {
            // record previous value, so we can rollback on failure
            pszEnvOdbcSysIni = getenv("ODBCSYSINI");

            // Set ODBCSYSINI variable pointing to HOME location.
            const size_t nLen = strlen(pszEnvHome) + 12;
            pszEnvIni = static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(nLen));

            snprintf(pszEnvIni, nLen, "ODBCSYSINI=%s", pszEnvHome);
            // A 'man putenv' shows that we cannot free pszEnvIni
            // because the pointer is used directly by putenv in old glibc.
            // coverity[tainted_string]
            putenv(pszEnvIni);

            CPLDebug("ODBC", "%s", pszEnvIni);
        }

        // Try to install ODBC driver in new location.
        if (FALSE == SQLInstallDriverEx(pszDriver, pszEnvHome, m_szPathOut,
                                        ODBC_FILENAME_MAX, nullptr, fRequest,
                                        &m_nUsageCount))
        {
            // if installing the driver fails, we need to roll back the changes
            // to ODBCSYSINI environment variable or all subsequent use of ODBC
            // calls will fail
            char *pszEnvRollback = nullptr;
            if (pszEnvOdbcSysIni)
            {
                const size_t nLen = strlen(pszEnvOdbcSysIni) + 12;
                pszEnvRollback = static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(nLen));
                snprintf(pszEnvRollback, nLen, "ODBCSYSINI=%s",
                         pszEnvOdbcSysIni);
            }
            else
            {
                // ODBCSYSINI not previously set, so remove
#ifdef _MSC_VER
                // for MSVC an environment variable is removed by setting to
                // empty string
                // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/putenv-wputenv?view=vs-2019
                pszEnvRollback = CPLStrdup("ODBCSYSINI=");
#else
                // for gnuc an environment variable is removed by not including
                // the equal sign
                // https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/putenv.3.html
                pszEnvRollback = CPLStrdup("ODBCSYSINI");
#endif
            }

            // A 'man putenv' shows that we cannot free pszEnvRollback
            // because the pointer is used directly by putenv in old glibc.
            // coverity[tainted_string]
            putenv(pszEnvRollback);

            CPL_UNUSED RETCODE cRet =
                SQLInstallerError(nErrorNum, &m_nErrorCode, m_szError,
                                  SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH, nullptr);
            (void)cRet;
            CPLAssert(SQL_SUCCESS == cRet || SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO == cRet);

            // FAIL
            return FALSE;
        }
    }

    // SUCCESS
    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      FindMdbToolsDriverLib()                         */
/************************************************************************/

bool CPLODBCDriverInstaller::FindMdbToolsDriverLib(CPLString &osDriverFile)
{
    const char *pszDrvCfg = CPLGetConfigOption("MDBDRIVER_PATH", nullptr);
    if (nullptr != pszDrvCfg)
    {
        // Directory or file path
        CPLString strLibPath(pszDrvCfg);

        VSIStatBuf sStatBuf;
        if (VSIStat(pszDrvCfg, &sStatBuf) == 0 && VSI_ISDIR(sStatBuf.st_mode))
        {
            // Find default library in custom directory
            const char *pszDriverFile =
                CPLFormFilename(pszDrvCfg, "libmdbodbc.so", nullptr);
            CPLAssert(nullptr != pszDriverFile);

            strLibPath = pszDriverFile;
        }

        if (LibraryExists(strLibPath.c_str()))
        {
            // Save custom driver path
            osDriverFile = std::move(strLibPath);
            return true;
        }
    }

    // Check if we have a declaration of the driver in /etc/odbcinst.ini
    GByte *pabyRet = nullptr;
    CPL_IGNORE_RET_VAL(VSIIngestFile(nullptr, "/etc/odbcinst.ini", &pabyRet,
                                     nullptr, 100 * 1000));
    if (pabyRet)
    {
        const bool bFound = strstr(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(pabyRet),
                                   "Microsoft Access Driver") != nullptr;
        CPLFree(pabyRet);
        if (bFound)
        {
            CPLDebug("ODBC", "Declaration of Microsoft Access Driver found in "
                             "/etc/odbcinst.ini");
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Default name and path of driver library
    const char *const apszLibNames[] = {
        "libmdbodbc.so", "libmdbodbc.so.0" /* for Ubuntu 8.04 support */
    };
    const char *const apzPaths[] = {
        "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc", /* ubuntu 20.04 */
        "/usr/lib64",
        "/usr/lib64/odbc", /* fedora */
        "/usr/local/lib64",
        "/usr/lib",
        "/usr/local/lib"};

    // Try to find library in default paths
    for (const char *pszPath : apzPaths)
    {
        for (const char *pszLibName : apszLibNames)
        {
            const char *pszDriverFile =
                CPLFormFilename(pszPath, pszLibName, nullptr);
            CPLAssert(nullptr != pszDriverFile);

            if (LibraryExists(pszDriverFile))
            {
                // Save default driver path
                osDriverFile = pszDriverFile;
                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
             "ODBC: MDB Tools driver not found!\n");
    // Driver not found!
    return false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              LibraryExists()                         */
/************************************************************************/

bool CPLODBCDriverInstaller::LibraryExists(const char *pszLibPath)
{
    CPLAssert(nullptr != pszLibPath);

    VSIStatBuf stb;

    if (0 == VSIStat(pszLibPath, &stb))
    {
        if (VSI_ISREG(stb.st_mode) || VSI_ISLNK(stb.st_mode))
        {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      InstallMdbToolsDriver()                         */
/************************************************************************/

void CPLODBCDriverInstaller::InstallMdbToolsDriver()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    return;
#else
    static std::once_flag oofDriverInstallAttempted;
    std::call_once(
        oofDriverInstallAttempted,
        [=]
        {
            //
            // ODBCINST.INI NOTE:
            // This operation requires write access to odbcinst.ini file
            // located in directory pointed by ODBCINISYS variable.
            // Usually, it points to /etc, so non-root users can overwrite this
            // setting ODBCINISYS with location they have write access to, e.g.:
            // $ export ODBCINISYS=$HOME/etc
            // $ touch $ODBCINISYS/odbcinst.ini
            //
            // See: http://www.unixodbc.org/internals.html
            //
            CPLString osDriverFile;

            if (FindMdbToolsDriverLib(osDriverFile))
            {
                CPLAssert(!osDriverFile.empty());
                CPLDebug("ODBC", "MDB Tools driver: %s", osDriverFile.c_str());

                std::string driver("Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)");
                driver += '\0';
                driver += "Driver=";
                driver += osDriverFile;  // Found by FindDriverLib()
                driver += '\0';
                driver += "FileUsage=1";
                driver += '\0';
                driver += '\0';

                // Rregister driver
                CPLODBCDriverInstaller dri;
                if (!dri.InstallDriver(driver.c_str(), nullptr,
                                       ODBC_INSTALL_COMPLETE))
                {
                    // Report ODBC error
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                             "ODBC: Unable to install MDB driver for ODBC, MDB "
                             "access may not supported: %s",
                             dri.GetLastError());
                }
                else
                    CPLDebug("ODBC",
                             "MDB Tools driver installed successfully!");
            }
        });
#endif
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           RemoveDriver()                             */
/************************************************************************/

int CPLODBCDriverInstaller::RemoveDriver(const char *pszDriverName,
                                         int fRemoveDSN)
{
    CPLAssert(nullptr != pszDriverName);

    if (FALSE == SQLRemoveDriver(pszDriverName, fRemoveDSN, &m_nUsageCount))
    {
        const WORD nErrorNum = 1;  // TODO - a function param?

        // Retrieve error code and message.
        SQLInstallerError(nErrorNum, &m_nErrorCode, m_szError,
                          SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH, nullptr);

        return FALSE;
    }

    // SUCCESS
    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           CPLODBCSession()                           */
/************************************************************************/

/** Constructor */
CPLODBCSession::CPLODBCSession()
{
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          ~CPLODBCSession()                           */
/************************************************************************/

/** Destructor */
CPLODBCSession::~CPLODBCSession()

{
    CloseSession();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            CloseSession()                            */
/************************************************************************/

/** Close session */
int CPLODBCSession::CloseSession()

{
    if (m_hDBC != nullptr)
    {
        if (IsInTransaction())
            CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Closing session with active transactions.");
        CPLDebug("ODBC", "SQLDisconnect()");
        SQLDisconnect(m_hDBC);
        SQLFreeConnect(m_hDBC);
        m_hDBC = nullptr;
    }

    if (m_hEnv != nullptr)
    {
        SQLFreeEnv(m_hEnv);
        m_hEnv = nullptr;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       ClearTransaction()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/** Clear transaction */
int CPLODBCSession::ClearTransaction()

{
#if (ODBCVER >= 0x0300)

    if (m_bAutoCommit)
        return TRUE;

    SQLUINTEGER bAutoCommit;
    // See if we already in manual commit mode.
    if (Failed(SQLGetConnectAttr(m_hDBC, SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, &bAutoCommit,
                                 sizeof(SQLUINTEGER), nullptr)))
        return FALSE;

    if (bAutoCommit == SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_OFF)
    {
        // Switch the connection to auto commit mode (default).
        if (Failed(SQLSetConnectAttr(
                m_hDBC, SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,
                reinterpret_cast<SQLPOINTER>(SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_ON), 0)))
            return FALSE;
    }

    m_bInTransaction = FALSE;
    m_bAutoCommit = TRUE;

#endif
    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       CommitTransaction()                            */
/************************************************************************/

/** Begin transaction */
int CPLODBCSession::BeginTransaction()

{
#if (ODBCVER >= 0x0300)

    SQLUINTEGER bAutoCommit;
    // See if we already in manual commit mode.
    if (Failed(SQLGetConnectAttr(m_hDBC, SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, &bAutoCommit,
                                 sizeof(SQLUINTEGER), nullptr)))
        return FALSE;

    if (bAutoCommit == SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_ON)
    {
        // Switch the connection to manual commit mode.
#ifdef HAVE_GCC_WARNING_ZERO_AS_NULL_POINTER_CONSTANT
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant"
#endif
        if (Failed(SQLSetConnectAttr(
                m_hDBC, SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,
                reinterpret_cast<SQLPOINTER>(SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_OFF), 0)))
            return FALSE;
#ifdef HAVE_GCC_WARNING_ZERO_AS_NULL_POINTER_CONSTANT
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif
    }

    m_bInTransaction = TRUE;
    m_bAutoCommit = FALSE;

#endif
    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       CommitTransaction()                            */
/************************************************************************/

/** Commit transaction */
int CPLODBCSession::CommitTransaction()

{
#if (ODBCVER >= 0x0300)

    if (m_bInTransaction)
    {
        if (Failed(SQLEndTran(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, m_hDBC, SQL_COMMIT)))
        {
            return FALSE;
        }
        m_bInTransaction = FALSE;
    }

#endif
    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       RollbackTransaction()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/** Rollback transaction */
int CPLODBCSession::RollbackTransaction()

{
#if (ODBCVER >= 0x0300)

    if (m_bInTransaction)
    {
        // Rollback should not hide the previous error so Failed() is not
        // called.
        int nRetCode = SQLEndTran(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, m_hDBC, SQL_ROLLBACK);
        m_bInTransaction = FALSE;

        return (nRetCode == SQL_SUCCESS || nRetCode == SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO);
    }

#endif
    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               Failed()                               */
/************************************************************************/

/** Test if a return code indicates failure, return TRUE if that
 * is the case. Also update error text.
 *
 * ODBC error messages are reported in the following format:
 * [SQLState]ErrorMessage(NativeErrorCode)
 *
 * Multiple error messages are delimited by ",".
 */
int CPLODBCSession::Failed(int nRetCode, HSTMT hStmt)

{
    m_osLastError.clear();

    if (nRetCode == SQL_SUCCESS || nRetCode == SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO)
        return FALSE;

    SQLRETURN nDiagRetCode = SQL_SUCCESS;
    for (SQLSMALLINT nRecNum = 1; nDiagRetCode == SQL_SUCCESS; ++nRecNum)
    {
        SQLCHAR achSQLState[5 + 1] = {};
        SQLCHAR *pachCurErrMsg = static_cast<SQLCHAR *>(
            CPLMalloc((SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH + 1) * sizeof(SQLCHAR)));
        SQLSMALLINT nTextLength = 0;
        SQLINTEGER nNativeError = 0;

        nDiagRetCode = SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hStmt, nRecNum,
                                     achSQLState, &nNativeError,
                                     reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(pachCurErrMsg),
                                     SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH, &nTextLength);
        if (nDiagRetCode == SQL_SUCCESS ||
            nDiagRetCode == SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO)
        {
            if (nTextLength >= SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH)
            {
                // the buffer wasn't enough, retry
                SQLSMALLINT nTextLength2 = 0;
                pachCurErrMsg = static_cast<SQLCHAR *>(CPLRealloc(
                    pachCurErrMsg, (nTextLength + 1) * sizeof(SQLCHAR)));
                nDiagRetCode = SQLGetDiagRec(
                    SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hStmt, nRecNum, achSQLState, &nNativeError,
                    reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(pachCurErrMsg), nTextLength,
                    &nTextLength2);
            }
            pachCurErrMsg[nTextLength] = '\0';
            m_osLastError += CPLString().Printf(
                "%s[%5s]%s(" CPL_FRMT_GIB ")",
                (m_osLastError.empty() ? "" : ", "), achSQLState, pachCurErrMsg,
                static_cast<GIntBig>(nNativeError));
        }
        CPLFree(pachCurErrMsg);
    }

    if (nRetCode == SQL_ERROR && m_bInTransaction)
        RollbackTransaction();

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          ConnectToMsAccess()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Connects to a Microsoft Access database.
 *
 * @param pszName The file name of the Access database to connect to.  This is
 * not optional.
 *
 * @param pszDSNStringTemplate optional DSN string template for Microsoft Access
 * ODBC Driver. If not specified, then a set of known driver templates will
 * be used automatically as a fallback. If specified, it is the caller's
 * responsibility to ensure that the template is correctly formatted.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success or FALSE on failure. Errors will automatically be
 * reported via CPLError.
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.2
 */
bool CPLODBCSession::ConnectToMsAccess(const char *pszName,
                                       const char *pszDSNStringTemplate)
{
    const auto Connect =
        [this, &pszName](const char *l_pszDSNStringTemplate, bool bVerboseError)
    {
        std::string osDSN;
        constexpr const char *PCT_S = "%s";
        const char *pszPctS = strstr(l_pszDSNStringTemplate, PCT_S);
        if (!pszPctS)
        {
            osDSN = l_pszDSNStringTemplate;
        }
        else
        {
            osDSN.assign(l_pszDSNStringTemplate,
                         pszPctS - l_pszDSNStringTemplate);
            osDSN += pszName;
            osDSN += (pszPctS + strlen(PCT_S));
        }
        CPLDebug("ODBC", "EstablishSession(%s)", osDSN.c_str());
        int bError = !EstablishSession(osDSN.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr);
        if (bError)
        {
            if (bVerboseError)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "Unable to initialize ODBC connection to DSN for %s,\n"
                         "%s",
                         osDSN.c_str(), GetLastError());
            }
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    };

    if (pszDSNStringTemplate)
    {
        return Connect(pszDSNStringTemplate, true);
    }

    for (const char *l_pszDSNStringTemplate :
         {"DRIVER=Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb, *.accdb);DBQ=%s",
          "DRIVER=Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb, *.accdb);DBQ=\"%s\"",
          "DRIVER=Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb);DBQ=%s",
          "DRIVER=Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb);DBQ=\"%s\""})
    {
        if (Connect(l_pszDSNStringTemplate, false))
            return true;
    }

    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
             "Unable to initialize ODBC connection to DSN for %s,\n"
             "%s",
             pszName, GetLastError());
    return false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          EstablishSession()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Connect to database and logon.
 *
 * @param pszDSN The name of the DSN being used to connect.  This is not
 * optional.
 *
 * @param pszUserid the userid to logon as, may be NULL if not not required,
 * or provided by the DSN.
 *
 * @param pszPassword the password to logon with.   May be NULL if not required
 * or provided by the DSN.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.  Call GetLastError() to get
 * details on failure.
 */

int CPLODBCSession::EstablishSession(const char *pszDSN, const char *pszUserid,
                                     const char *pszPassword)

{
    CloseSession();

    if (Failed(SQLAllocEnv(&m_hEnv)))
        return FALSE;

    if (Failed(SQLAllocConnect(m_hEnv, &m_hDBC)))
    {
        CloseSession();
        return FALSE;
    }

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(push)
// warning C4996: 'SQLSetConnectOption': ODBC API: SQLSetConnectOption is
// deprecated. Please use SQLSetConnectAttr instead
#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
#endif
    SQLSetConnectOption(m_hDBC, SQL_LOGIN_TIMEOUT, 30);
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif

    if (pszUserid == nullptr)
        pszUserid = "";
    if (pszPassword == nullptr)
        pszPassword = "";

    bool bFailed = false;
    if (strstr(pszDSN, "=") != nullptr)
    {
        CPLDebug("ODBC", "SQLDriverConnect(%s)", pszDSN);
        SQLCHAR szOutConnString[1024] = {};
        SQLSMALLINT nOutConnStringLen = 0;

        bFailed = CPL_TO_BOOL(Failed(SQLDriverConnect(
            m_hDBC, nullptr,
            reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>(pszDSN)),
            static_cast<SQLSMALLINT>(strlen(pszDSN)), szOutConnString,
            sizeof(szOutConnString), &nOutConnStringLen, SQL_DRIVER_NOPROMPT)));
    }
    else
    {
        CPLDebug("ODBC", "SQLConnect(%s)", pszDSN);
        bFailed = CPL_TO_BOOL(Failed(SQLConnect(
            m_hDBC, reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>(pszDSN)),
            SQL_NTS, reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>(pszUserid)),
            SQL_NTS,
            reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>(pszPassword)),
            SQL_NTS)));
    }

    if (bFailed)
    {
        CPLDebug("ODBC", "... failed: %s", GetLastError());
        CloseSession();
        return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetLastError()                            */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Returns the last ODBC error message.
 *
 * @return pointer to an internal buffer with the error message in it.
 * Do not free or alter.  Will be an empty (but not NULL) string if there is
 * no pending error info.
 */

const char *CPLODBCSession::GetLastError()

{
    return m_osLastError.c_str();
}

/************************************************************************/
/* ==================================================================== */
/*                           CPLODBCStatement                           */
/* ==================================================================== */
/************************************************************************/

/************************************************************************/
/*                          CPLODBCStatement()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Constructor.
 *
 * The optional flags argument can be used to specify flags which control
 * the behavior of the statement.
 */
CPLODBCStatement::CPLODBCStatement(CPLODBCSession *poSession, const int flags)
    : m_nFlags(flags), m_poSession(poSession)
{

    if (Failed(SQLAllocStmt(poSession->GetConnection(), &m_hStmt)))
    {
        m_hStmt = nullptr;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         ~CPLODBCStatement()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/** Destructor */
CPLODBCStatement::~CPLODBCStatement()

{
    Clear();

    if (m_hStmt != nullptr)
        SQLFreeStmt(m_hStmt, SQL_DROP);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             ExecuteSQL()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Execute an SQL statement.
 *
 * This method will execute the passed (or stored) SQL statement,
 * and initialize information about the resultset if there is one.
 * If a NULL statement is passed, the internal stored statement that
 * has been previously set via Append() or Appendf() calls will be used.
 *
 * @param pszStatement the SQL statement to execute, or NULL if the
 * internally saved one should be used.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success or FALSE if there is an error.  Error details
 * can be fetched with OGRODBCSession::GetLastError().
 */

int CPLODBCStatement::ExecuteSQL(const char *pszStatement)

{
    if (m_poSession == nullptr || m_hStmt == nullptr)
    {
        // We should post an error.
        return FALSE;
    }

    if (pszStatement != nullptr)
    {
        Clear();
        Append(pszStatement);
    }

#if (ODBCVER >= 0x0300)

    if (!m_poSession->IsInTransaction())
    {
        // Commit pending transactions and set to autocommit mode.
        m_poSession->ClearTransaction();
    }

#endif

    // SQL_NTS=-3 is a valid value for SQLExecDirect.
    // coverity[negative_returns]
    if (Failed(SQLExecDirect(
            m_hStmt, reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(m_pszStatement), SQL_NTS)))
        return FALSE;

    return CollectResultsInfo();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         CollectResultsInfo()                         */
/************************************************************************/

/** CollectResultsInfo */
int CPLODBCStatement::CollectResultsInfo()

{
    if (m_poSession == nullptr || m_hStmt == nullptr)
    {
        // We should post an error.
        return FALSE;
    }

    if (Failed(SQLNumResultCols(m_hStmt, &m_nColCount)))
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Allocate per column information.                                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    m_papszColNames =
        static_cast<char **>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(char *), m_nColCount + 1));
    m_papszColValues =
        static_cast<char **>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(char *), m_nColCount + 1));
    m_panColValueLengths = static_cast<CPL_SQLLEN *>(
        CPLCalloc(sizeof(CPL_SQLLEN), m_nColCount + 1));
    if (m_nFlags & Flag::RetrieveNumericColumnsAsDouble)
    {
        m_padColValuesAsDouble =
            static_cast<double *>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(double), m_nColCount + 1));
    }
    else
    {
        m_padColValuesAsDouble = nullptr;
    }

    m_panColType =
        static_cast<SQLSMALLINT *>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(SQLSMALLINT), m_nColCount));
    m_papszColTypeNames =
        static_cast<char **>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(char *), m_nColCount + 1));
    m_panColSize =
        static_cast<CPL_SQLULEN *>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(CPL_SQLULEN), m_nColCount));
    m_panColPrecision =
        static_cast<SQLSMALLINT *>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(SQLSMALLINT), m_nColCount));
    m_panColNullable =
        static_cast<SQLSMALLINT *>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(SQLSMALLINT), m_nColCount));
    m_papszColColumnDef =
        static_cast<char **>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(char *), m_nColCount + 1));

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fetch column descriptions.                                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (SQLUSMALLINT iCol = 0; iCol < m_nColCount; iCol++)
    {
        SQLCHAR szName[256] = {};
        SQLSMALLINT nNameLength = 0;

        if (Failed(SQLDescribeCol(m_hStmt, iCol + 1, szName, sizeof(szName),
                                  &nNameLength, m_panColType + iCol,
                                  m_panColSize + iCol, m_panColPrecision + iCol,
                                  m_panColNullable + iCol)))
            return FALSE;

        szName[nNameLength] = '\0';  // Paranoid; the string should be
                                     // null-terminated by the driver.
        m_papszColNames[iCol] = CPLStrdup(reinterpret_cast<char *>(szName));

        // SQLDescribeCol() fetches just a subset of column attributes.
        // In addition to above data we need data type name.
        if (Failed(SQLColAttribute(m_hStmt, iCol + 1, SQL_DESC_TYPE_NAME,
                                   szName, sizeof(szName), &nNameLength,
                                   nullptr)))
            return FALSE;

        szName[nNameLength] = '\0';  // Paranoid.
        m_papszColTypeNames[iCol] = CPLStrdup(reinterpret_cast<char *>(szName));

#if DEBUG_VERBOSE
        CPLDebug("ODBC", "%s %s %d", m_papszColNames[iCol], szName,
                 m_panColType[iCol]);
#endif
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetRowCountAffected()                     */
/************************************************************************/

/** GetRowCountAffected */
int CPLODBCStatement::GetRowCountAffected()
{
    SQLLEN nResultCount = 0;
    SQLRowCount(m_hStmt, &nResultCount);

    return static_cast<int>(nResultCount);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetColCount()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch the resultset column count.
 *
 * @return the column count, or zero if there is no resultset.
 */

int CPLODBCStatement::GetColCount()

{
    return m_nColCount;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetColName()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch a column name.
 *
 * @param iCol the zero based column index.
 *
 * @return NULL on failure (out of bounds column), or a pointer to an
 * internal copy of the column name.
 */

const char *CPLODBCStatement::GetColName(int iCol)

{
    if (iCol < 0 || iCol >= m_nColCount)
        return nullptr;

    return m_papszColNames[iCol];
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetColType()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch a column data type.
 *
 * The return type code is a an ODBC SQL_ code, one of SQL_UNKNOWN_TYPE,
 * SQL_CHAR, SQL_NUMERIC, SQL_DECIMAL, SQL_INTEGER, SQL_SMALLINT, SQL_FLOAT,
 * SQL_REAL, SQL_DOUBLE, SQL_DATETIME, SQL_VARCHAR, SQL_TYPE_DATE,
 * SQL_TYPE_TIME, SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMPT.
 *
 * @param iCol the zero based column index.
 *
 * @return type code or -1 if the column is illegal.
 */

short CPLODBCStatement::GetColType(int iCol)

{
    if (iCol < 0 || iCol >= m_nColCount)
        return -1;

    return m_panColType[iCol];
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetColTypeName()                         */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch a column data type name.
 *
 * Returns data source-dependent data type name; for example, "CHAR",
 * "VARCHAR", "MONEY", "LONG VARBINAR", or "CHAR ( ) FOR BIT DATA".
 *
 * @param iCol the zero based column index.
 *
 * @return NULL on failure (out of bounds column), or a pointer to an
 * internal copy of the column dat type name.
 */

const char *CPLODBCStatement::GetColTypeName(int iCol)

{
    if (iCol < 0 || iCol >= m_nColCount)
        return nullptr;

    return m_papszColTypeNames[iCol];
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetColSize()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch the column width.
 *
 * @param iCol the zero based column index.
 *
 * @return column width, zero for unknown width columns.
 */

short CPLODBCStatement::GetColSize(int iCol)

{
    if (iCol < 0 || iCol >= m_nColCount)
        return -1;

    return static_cast<short>(m_panColSize[iCol]);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          GetColPrecision()                           */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch the column precision.
 *
 * @param iCol the zero based column index.
 *
 * @return column precision, may be zero or the same as column size for
 * columns to which it does not apply.
 */

short CPLODBCStatement::GetColPrecision(int iCol)

{
    if (iCol < 0 || iCol >= m_nColCount)
        return -1;

    return m_panColPrecision[iCol];
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           GetColNullable()                           */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch the column nullability.
 *
 * @param iCol the zero based column index.
 *
 * @return TRUE if the column may contains or FALSE otherwise.
 */

short CPLODBCStatement::GetColNullable(int iCol)

{
    if (iCol < 0 || iCol >= m_nColCount)
        return -1;

    return m_panColNullable[iCol];
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetColColumnDef()                        */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch a column default value.
 *
 * Returns the default value of a column.
 *
 * @param iCol the zero based column index.
 *
 * @return NULL if the default value is not dpecified
 * or the internal copy of the default value.
 */

const char *CPLODBCStatement::GetColColumnDef(int iCol)

{
    if (iCol < 0 || iCol >= m_nColCount)
        return nullptr;

    return m_papszColColumnDef[iCol];
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               Fetch()                                */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch a new record.
 *
 * Requests the next row in the current resultset using the SQLFetchScroll()
 * call.  Note that many ODBC drivers only support the default forward
 * fetching one record at a time.  Only SQL_FETCH_NEXT (the default) should
 * be considered reliable on all drivers.
 *
 * Currently it isn't clear how to determine whether an error or a normal
 * out of data condition has occurred if Fetch() fails.
 *
 * @param nOrientation One of SQL_FETCH_NEXT, SQL_FETCH_LAST, SQL_FETCH_PRIOR,
 * SQL_FETCH_ABSOLUTE, or SQL_FETCH_RELATIVE (default is SQL_FETCH_NEXT).
 *
 * @param nOffset the offset (number of records), ignored for some
 * orientations.
 *
 * @return TRUE if a new row is successfully fetched, or FALSE if not.
 */

int CPLODBCStatement::Fetch(int nOrientation, int nOffset)

{
    ClearColumnData();

    if (m_hStmt == nullptr || m_nColCount < 1)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fetch a new row.  Note that some brain dead drives (such as     */
    /*      the unixodbc text file driver) don't implement                  */
    /*      SQLScrollFetch(), so we try to stick to SQLFetch() if we        */
    /*      can).                                                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    SQLRETURN nRetCode;

    if (nOrientation == SQL_FETCH_NEXT && nOffset == 0)
    {
        nRetCode = SQLFetch(m_hStmt);
    }
    else
    {
        nRetCode = SQLFetchScroll(
            m_hStmt, static_cast<SQLSMALLINT>(nOrientation), nOffset);
    }
    if (Failed(nRetCode))
    {
        if (nRetCode != SQL_NO_DATA)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "%s",
                     m_poSession->GetLastError());
        }
        return FALSE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Pull out all the column values.                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (SQLSMALLINT iCol = 0; iCol < m_nColCount; iCol++)
    {
        CPL_SQLLEN cbDataLen = 0;
        if (m_padColValuesAsDouble)
            m_padColValuesAsDouble[iCol] =
                std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
        SQLSMALLINT nFetchType = GetTypeMapping(m_panColType[iCol]);

        // Handle values other than WCHAR and BINARY as CHAR.
        if (nFetchType != SQL_C_BINARY && nFetchType != SQL_C_WCHAR)
            nFetchType = SQL_C_CHAR;

        char szWrkData[513] = {};

        // If RetrieveNumericColumnsAsDouble flag is set, then read numeric
        // columns using numeric data types and populate native double column
        // values array. This allows retrieval of the original numeric value as
        // a double via GetColDataAsDouble without risk of loss of precision.
        // Additionally, some ODBC drivers (e.g. the MS Access ODBC driver)
        // require reading numeric values using numeric data types, otherwise
        // incorrect values can result. See
        // https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/3885
        if (m_padColValuesAsDouble &&
            (m_panColType[iCol] == SQL_DOUBLE ||
             m_panColType[iCol] == SQL_FLOAT || m_panColType[iCol] == SQL_REAL))
        {
            if (m_panColType[iCol] == SQL_DOUBLE)
            {
                double dfValue = 0;
                nRetCode = SQLGetData(m_hStmt, iCol + 1, SQL_C_DOUBLE, &dfValue,
                                      sizeof(dfValue), &cbDataLen);
                if (cbDataLen != SQL_NULL_DATA)
                    m_padColValuesAsDouble[iCol] = dfValue;
            }
            else
            {
                // note -- cannot request a float column as SQL_C_DOUBLE when
                // using mdbtools driver!
                float fValue = 0;
                nRetCode = SQLGetData(m_hStmt, iCol + 1, SQL_C_FLOAT, &fValue,
                                      sizeof(fValue), &cbDataLen);
                if (cbDataLen != SQL_NULL_DATA)
                    m_padColValuesAsDouble[iCol] = static_cast<double>(fValue);
            }
            if (nRetCode != SQL_NO_DATA && Failed(nRetCode))
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "%s",
                         m_poSession->GetLastError());
                return FALSE;
            }
            else
            {
                m_papszColValues[iCol] = nullptr;
                m_panColValueLengths[iCol] = 0;
                continue;
            }
        }

        nRetCode = SQLGetData(m_hStmt, iCol + 1, nFetchType, szWrkData,
                              sizeof(szWrkData) - 1, &cbDataLen);

        // SQLGetData() is giving garbage values in the first 4 bytes of
        // cbDataLen in some architectures. Converting it to int discards the
        // unnecessary bytes. This should not be a problem unless the buffer
        // size reaches 2GB. (#3385)
        cbDataLen = static_cast<int>(cbDataLen);

        // a return code of SQL_NO_DATA is not indicative of an error - see
        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/reference/develop-app/getting-long-data?view=sql-server-ver15
        // "When there is no more data to return, SQLGetData returns
        // SQL_NO_DATA" and the example from that page which uses: while ((rc =
        // SQLGetData(hstmt, 2, SQL_C_BINARY, BinaryPtr, sizeof(BinaryPtr),
        // &BinaryLenOrInd)) != SQL_NO_DATA) { ... }
        if (nRetCode != SQL_NO_DATA && Failed(nRetCode))
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "%s",
                     m_poSession->GetLastError());
            return FALSE;
        }

        // if first call to SQLGetData resulted in SQL_NO_DATA return code, then
        // the data is empty (NULL)
        if (cbDataLen == SQL_NULL_DATA || nRetCode == SQL_NO_DATA)
        {
            m_papszColValues[iCol] = nullptr;
            m_panColValueLengths[iCol] = 0;
        }

        // Assume big result: should check for state=SQLSATE 01004.
        else if (nRetCode == SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO)
        {
            if (cbDataLen >= static_cast<CPL_SQLLEN>(sizeof(szWrkData) - 1) ||
                cbDataLen == SQL_NO_TOTAL)
            {
                cbDataLen = static_cast<CPL_SQLLEN>(sizeof(szWrkData) - 1);
                if (nFetchType == SQL_C_CHAR)
                    while ((cbDataLen > 1) && (szWrkData[cbDataLen - 1] == 0))
                        --cbDataLen;  // Trimming the extra terminators: bug 990
                else if (nFetchType == SQL_C_WCHAR)
                    while ((cbDataLen > 1) && (szWrkData[cbDataLen - 1] == 0) &&
                           (szWrkData[cbDataLen - 2] == 0))
                        cbDataLen -= 2;  // Trimming the extra terminators.
            }

            m_papszColValues[iCol] =
                static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(cbDataLen + 2));
            memcpy(m_papszColValues[iCol], szWrkData, cbDataLen);
            m_papszColValues[iCol][cbDataLen] = '\0';
            m_papszColValues[iCol][cbDataLen + 1] = '\0';
            m_panColValueLengths[iCol] = cbDataLen;

            while (true)
            {
                nRetCode = SQLGetData(
                    m_hStmt, static_cast<SQLUSMALLINT>(iCol) + 1, nFetchType,
                    szWrkData, sizeof(szWrkData) - 1, &cbDataLen);
                if (nRetCode == SQL_NO_DATA)
                    break;

                if (Failed(nRetCode))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "%s",
                             m_poSession->GetLastError());
                    return FALSE;
                }

                CPL_SQLLEN nChunkLen;
                if (cbDataLen >= static_cast<int>(sizeof(szWrkData) - 1) ||
                    cbDataLen == SQL_NO_TOTAL)
                {
                    nChunkLen = sizeof(szWrkData) - 1;
                    if (nFetchType == SQL_C_CHAR)
                        while ((nChunkLen > 1) &&
                               (szWrkData[nChunkLen - 1] == 0))
                            --nChunkLen;  // Trimming the extra terminators.
                    else if (nFetchType == SQL_C_WCHAR)
                        while ((nChunkLen > 1) &&
                               (szWrkData[nChunkLen - 1] == 0) &&
                               (szWrkData[nChunkLen - 2] == 0))
                            nChunkLen -= 2;  // Trimming the extra terminators.
                }
                else
                {
                    nChunkLen = cbDataLen;
                }
                szWrkData[nChunkLen] = '\0';

                m_papszColValues[iCol] = static_cast<char *>(
                    CPLRealloc(m_papszColValues[iCol],
                               m_panColValueLengths[iCol] + nChunkLen + 2));
                memcpy(m_papszColValues[iCol] + m_panColValueLengths[iCol],
                       szWrkData, nChunkLen);
                m_panColValueLengths[iCol] += nChunkLen;
                m_papszColValues[iCol][m_panColValueLengths[iCol]] = '\0';
                m_papszColValues[iCol][m_panColValueLengths[iCol] + 1] = '\0';
            }
        }
        else
        {
            m_panColValueLengths[iCol] = cbDataLen;
            m_papszColValues[iCol] =
                static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(cbDataLen + 2));
            memcpy(m_papszColValues[iCol], szWrkData, cbDataLen);
            m_papszColValues[iCol][cbDataLen] = '\0';
            m_papszColValues[iCol][cbDataLen + 1] = '\0';
        }

        // Convert WCHAR to UTF-8, assuming the WCHAR is UCS-2.
        if (nFetchType == SQL_C_WCHAR && m_papszColValues[iCol] != nullptr &&
            m_panColValueLengths[iCol] > 0)
        {
#if WCHAR_MAX == 0xFFFFu
            wchar_t *pwszSrc =
                reinterpret_cast<wchar_t *>(m_papszColValues[iCol]);
#else
            unsigned int i = 0;
            GUInt16 *panColValue =
                reinterpret_cast<GUInt16 *>(m_papszColValues[iCol]);
            wchar_t *pwszSrc = static_cast<wchar_t *>(CPLMalloc(
                (m_panColValueLengths[iCol] / 2 + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t)));

            while (panColValue[i] != 0)
            {
                pwszSrc[i] = static_cast<wchar_t>(panColValue[i]);
                i += 1;
            }
            pwszSrc[i] = L'\0';

            CPLFree(panColValue);
#endif

            m_papszColValues[iCol] =
                CPLRecodeFromWChar(pwszSrc, CPL_ENC_UCS2, CPL_ENC_UTF8);
            m_panColValueLengths[iCol] = strlen(m_papszColValues[iCol]);

            CPLFree(pwszSrc);
        }
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetColData()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch column data.
 *
 * Fetches the data contents of the requested column for the currently loaded
 * row.  The result is returned as a string regardless of the column type.
 * NULL is returned if an illegal column is given, or if the actual column
 * is "NULL".
 *
 * @param iCol the zero based column to fetch.
 *
 * @param pszDefault the value to return if the column does not exist, or is
 * NULL.  Defaults to NULL.
 *
 * @return pointer to internal column data or NULL on failure.
 */

const char *CPLODBCStatement::GetColData(int iCol, const char *pszDefault)

{
    if (iCol < 0 || iCol >= m_nColCount)
        return pszDefault;
    else if (m_papszColValues[iCol] != nullptr)
        return m_papszColValues[iCol];
    else
        return pszDefault;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetColData()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch column data.
 *
 * Fetches the data contents of the requested column for the currently loaded
 * row.  The result is returned as a string regardless of the column type.
 * NULL is returned if an illegal column is given, or if the actual column
 * is "NULL".
 *
 * @param pszColName the name of the column requested.
 *
 * @param pszDefault the value to return if the column does not exist, or is
 * NULL.  Defaults to NULL.
 *
 * @return pointer to internal column data or NULL on failure.
 */

const char *CPLODBCStatement::GetColData(const char *pszColName,
                                         const char *pszDefault)

{
    const int iCol = GetColId(pszColName);

    if (iCol == -1)
        return pszDefault;
    else
        return GetColData(iCol, pszDefault);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          GetColDataLength()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/** GetColDataLength */
int CPLODBCStatement::GetColDataLength(int iCol)

{
    if (iCol < 0 || iCol >= m_nColCount)
        return 0;
    else if (m_papszColValues[iCol] != nullptr)
        return static_cast<int>(m_panColValueLengths[iCol]);
    else
        return 0;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        GetColDataAsDouble()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch column data as a double value.
 *
 * Fetches the data contents of the requested column for the currently loaded
 * row as a double value.
 *
 * Returns NaN if a non-numeric column is requested or the actual column value
 * is "NULL".
 *
 * @warning this method can only be used if the
 * Flag::RetrieveNumericColumnsAsDouble flag was set for the CPLODBCStatement.
 *
 * @param iCol the zero based column to fetch.
 *
 * @return numeric column value or NaN on failure.
 */

double CPLODBCStatement::GetColDataAsDouble(int iCol) const

{
    if (!m_padColValuesAsDouble || iCol < 0 || iCol >= m_nColCount)
        return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
    else
        return m_padColValuesAsDouble[iCol];
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         GetColDataAsDouble()                         */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch column data as a double value.
 *
 * Fetches the data contents of the requested column for the currently loaded
 * row as a double value.
 *
 * Returns NaN if a non-numeric column is requested or the actual column value
 * is "NULL".
 *
 * @warning this method can only be used if the
 * Flag::RetrieveNumericColumnsAsDouble flag was set for the CPLODBCStatement.
 *
 * @param pszColName the name of the column requested.
 *
 * @return numeric column value or NaN on failure.
 */

double CPLODBCStatement::GetColDataAsDouble(const char *pszColName) const

{
    if (!m_padColValuesAsDouble)
        return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();

    const int iCol = GetColId(pszColName);

    if (iCol == -1)
        return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
    else
        return GetColDataAsDouble(iCol);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              GetColId()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch column index.
 *
 * Gets the column index corresponding with the passed name.  The
 * name comparisons are case insensitive.
 *
 * @param pszColName the name to search for.
 *
 * @return the column index, or -1 if not found.
 */

int CPLODBCStatement::GetColId(const char *pszColName) const

{
    for (SQLSMALLINT iCol = 0; iCol < m_nColCount; iCol++)
        if (EQUAL(pszColName, m_papszColNames[iCol]))
            return iCol;

    return -1;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          ClearColumnData()                           */
/************************************************************************/

/** ClearColumnData */
void CPLODBCStatement::ClearColumnData()

{
    if (m_nColCount > 0)
    {
        for (int iCol = 0; iCol < m_nColCount; iCol++)
        {
            if (m_papszColValues[iCol] != nullptr)
            {
                CPLFree(m_papszColValues[iCol]);
                m_papszColValues[iCol] = nullptr;
            }
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               Failed()                               */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
/** Failed */
int CPLODBCStatement::Failed(int nResultCode)

{
    if (m_poSession != nullptr)
        return m_poSession->Failed(nResultCode, m_hStmt);

    return TRUE;
}
//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                         Append(const char *)                         */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Append text to internal command.
 *
 * The passed text is appended to the internal SQL command text.
 *
 * @param pszText text to append.
 */

void CPLODBCStatement::Append(const char *pszText)

{
    const size_t nTextLen = strlen(pszText);

    if (m_nStatementMax < m_nStatementLen + nTextLen + 1)
    {
        m_nStatementMax = (m_nStatementLen + nTextLen) * 2 + 100;
        if (m_pszStatement == nullptr)
        {
            m_pszStatement = static_cast<char *>(VSIMalloc(m_nStatementMax));
            m_pszStatement[0] = '\0';
        }
        else
        {
            m_pszStatement = static_cast<char *>(
                CPLRealloc(m_pszStatement, m_nStatementMax));
        }
    }

    strcpy(m_pszStatement + m_nStatementLen, pszText);
    m_nStatementLen += nTextLen;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     AppendEscaped(const char *)                      */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Append text to internal command.
 *
 * The passed text is appended to the internal SQL command text after
 * escaping any special characters so it can be used as a character string
 * in an SQL statement.
 *
 * @param pszText text to append.
 */

void CPLODBCStatement::AppendEscaped(const char *pszText)

{
    const size_t nTextLen = strlen(pszText);
    char *pszEscapedText = static_cast<char *>(VSIMalloc(nTextLen * 2 + 1));

    size_t iOut = 0;  // Used after for.
    for (size_t iIn = 0; iIn < nTextLen; iIn++)
    {
        switch (pszText[iIn])
        {
            case '\'':
            case '\\':
                pszEscapedText[iOut++] = '\\';
                pszEscapedText[iOut++] = pszText[iIn];
                break;

            default:
                pszEscapedText[iOut++] = pszText[iIn];
                break;
        }
    }

    pszEscapedText[iOut] = '\0';

    Append(pszEscapedText);
    CPLFree(pszEscapedText);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             Append(int)                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Append to internal command.
 *
 * The passed value is formatted and appended to the internal SQL command text.
 *
 * @param nValue value to append to the command.
 */

void CPLODBCStatement::Append(int nValue)

{
    char szFormattedValue[32] = {};

    snprintf(szFormattedValue, sizeof(szFormattedValue), "%d", nValue);
    Append(szFormattedValue);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            Append(double)                            */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Append to internal command.
 *
 * The passed value is formatted and appended to the internal SQL command text.
 *
 * @param dfValue value to append to the command.
 */

void CPLODBCStatement::Append(double dfValue)

{
    char szFormattedValue[100] = {};

    snprintf(szFormattedValue, sizeof(szFormattedValue), "%24g", dfValue);
    Append(szFormattedValue);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              Appendf()                               */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Append to internal command.
 *
 * The passed format is used to format other arguments and the result is
 * appended to the internal command text.  Long results may not be formatted
 * properly, and should be appended with the direct Append() methods.
 *
 * @param pszFormat printf() style format string.
 *
 * @return FALSE if formatting fails due to result being too large.
 */

int CPLODBCStatement::Appendf(CPL_FORMAT_STRING(const char *pszFormat), ...)

{
    va_list args;

    va_start(args, pszFormat);

    char szFormattedText[8000] = {};  // TODO: Move this off the stack.
    szFormattedText[0] = '\0';

#if defined(HAVE_VSNPRINTF)
    const bool bSuccess =
        vsnprintf(szFormattedText, sizeof(szFormattedText) - 1, pszFormat,
                  args) < static_cast<int>(sizeof(szFormattedText) - 1);
#else
    vsprintf(szFormattedText, pszFormat, args);
    const bool bSuccess = true;
#endif
    va_end(args);

    if (bSuccess)
        Append(szFormattedText);

    return bSuccess;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               Clear()                                */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Clear internal command text and result set definitions.
 */

void CPLODBCStatement::Clear()

{
    /* Closing the cursor if opened */
    if (m_hStmt != nullptr)
        SQLFreeStmt(m_hStmt, SQL_CLOSE);

    ClearColumnData();

    if (m_pszStatement != nullptr)
    {
        CPLFree(m_pszStatement);
        m_pszStatement = nullptr;
    }

    m_nStatementLen = 0;
    m_nStatementMax = 0;

    m_nColCount = 0;

    if (m_papszColNames)
    {
        CPLFree(m_panColType);
        m_panColType = nullptr;

        CSLDestroy(m_papszColTypeNames);
        m_papszColTypeNames = nullptr;

        CPLFree(m_panColSize);
        m_panColSize = nullptr;

        CPLFree(m_panColPrecision);
        m_panColPrecision = nullptr;

        CPLFree(m_panColNullable);
        m_panColNullable = nullptr;

        CSLDestroy(m_papszColColumnDef);
        m_papszColColumnDef = nullptr;

        CSLDestroy(m_papszColNames);
        m_papszColNames = nullptr;

        if (m_papszColValues)
        {
            CPLFree(m_papszColValues);
            m_papszColValues = nullptr;
        }

        CPLFree(m_panColValueLengths);
        m_panColValueLengths = nullptr;

        CPLFree(m_padColValuesAsDouble);
        m_padColValuesAsDouble = nullptr;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetColumns()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch column definitions for a table.
 *
 * The SQLColumn() method is used to fetch the definitions for the columns
 * of a table (or other queryable object such as a view).  The column
 * definitions are digested and used to populate the CPLODBCStatement
 * column definitions essentially as if a "SELECT * FROM tablename" had
 * been done; however, no resultset will be available.
 *
 * @param pszTable the name of the table to query information on.  This
 * should not be empty.
 *
 * @param pszCatalog the catalog to find the table in, use NULL (the
 * default) if no catalog is available.
 *
 * @param pszSchema the schema to find the table in, use NULL (the
 * default) if no schema is available.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
 */

int CPLODBCStatement::GetColumns(const char *pszTable, const char *pszCatalog,
                                 const char *pszSchema)

{
#ifdef notdef
    if (pszCatalog == nullptr)
        pszCatalog = "";
    if (pszSchema == nullptr)
        pszSchema = "";
#endif

#if (ODBCVER >= 0x0300)

    if (!m_poSession->IsInTransaction())
    {
        /* commit pending transactions and set to autocommit mode*/
        m_poSession->ClearTransaction();
    }

#endif
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fetch columns resultset for this table.                         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (Failed(SQLColumns(
            m_hStmt,
            reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>(pszCatalog)),
            SQL_NTS, reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>(pszSchema)),
            SQL_NTS, reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>(pszTable)),
            SQL_NTS, nullptr /* "" */, SQL_NTS)))
        return FALSE;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Allocate per column information.                                */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#ifdef notdef
    // SQLRowCount() is too unreliable (with unixodbc on AIX for instance)
    // so we now avoid it.
    SQLINTEGER nResultCount = 0;

    if (Failed(SQLRowCount(m_hStmt, &nResultCount)))
        nResultCount = 0;

    if (nResultCount < 1)
        m_nColCount = 500;  // Hopefully lots.
    else
        m_nColCount = nResultCount;
#endif

    m_nColCount = 500;

    m_papszColNames =
        static_cast<char **>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(char *), m_nColCount + 1));
    m_papszColValues =
        static_cast<char **>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(char *), m_nColCount + 1));

    m_panColType =
        static_cast<SQLSMALLINT *>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(SQLSMALLINT), m_nColCount));
    m_papszColTypeNames =
        static_cast<char **>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(char *), m_nColCount + 1));
    m_panColSize =
        static_cast<CPL_SQLULEN *>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(CPL_SQLULEN), m_nColCount));
    m_panColPrecision =
        static_cast<SQLSMALLINT *>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(SQLSMALLINT), m_nColCount));
    m_panColNullable =
        static_cast<SQLSMALLINT *>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(SQLSMALLINT), m_nColCount));
    m_papszColColumnDef =
        static_cast<char **>(CPLCalloc(sizeof(char *), m_nColCount + 1));

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Establish columns to use for key information.                   */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (SQLUSMALLINT iCol = 0; iCol < m_nColCount; iCol++)
    {
        if (Failed(SQLFetch(m_hStmt)))
        {
            m_nColCount = iCol;
            break;
        }

        char szWrkData[8193] = {};
        CPL_SQLLEN cbDataLen = 0;

        SQLGetData(m_hStmt, SQLColumns_COLUMN_NAME, SQL_C_CHAR, szWrkData,
                   sizeof(szWrkData) - 1, &cbDataLen);
        m_papszColNames[iCol] = CPLStrdup(szWrkData);

        SQLGetData(m_hStmt, SQLColumns_DATA_TYPE, SQL_C_CHAR, szWrkData,
                   sizeof(szWrkData) - 1, &cbDataLen);
        m_panColType[iCol] = static_cast<short>(atoi(szWrkData));

        SQLGetData(m_hStmt, SQLColumns_TYPE_NAME, SQL_C_CHAR, szWrkData,
                   sizeof(szWrkData) - 1, &cbDataLen);
        m_papszColTypeNames[iCol] = CPLStrdup(szWrkData);

        SQLGetData(m_hStmt, SQLColumns_COLUMN_SIZE, SQL_C_CHAR, szWrkData,
                   sizeof(szWrkData) - 1, &cbDataLen);
        m_panColSize[iCol] = atoi(szWrkData);

        SQLGetData(m_hStmt, SQLColumns_DECIMAL_DIGITS, SQL_C_CHAR, szWrkData,
                   sizeof(szWrkData) - 1, &cbDataLen);
        m_panColPrecision[iCol] = static_cast<short>(atoi(szWrkData));

        SQLGetData(m_hStmt, SQLColumns_NULLABLE, SQL_C_CHAR, szWrkData,
                   sizeof(szWrkData) - 1, &cbDataLen);
        m_panColNullable[iCol] = atoi(szWrkData) == SQL_NULLABLE;
#if (ODBCVER >= 0x0300)
        SQLGetData(m_hStmt, SQLColumns_COLUMN_DEF, SQL_C_CHAR, szWrkData,
                   sizeof(szWrkData) - 1, &cbDataLen);
        if (cbDataLen > 0)
            m_papszColColumnDef[iCol] = CPLStrdup(szWrkData);
#endif
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           GetPrimaryKeys()                           */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch primary keys for a table.
 *
 * The SQLPrimaryKeys() function is used to fetch a list of fields
 * forming the primary key.  The result is returned as a result set matching
 * the SQLPrimaryKeys() function result set.  The 4th column in the result
 * set is the column name of the key, and if the result set contains only
 * one record then that single field will be the complete primary key.
 *
 * @param pszTable the name of the table to query information on.  This
 * should not be empty.
 *
 * @param pszCatalog the catalog to find the table in, use NULL (the
 * default) if no catalog is available.
 *
 * @param pszSchema the schema to find the table in, use NULL (the
 * default) if no schema is available.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
 */

int CPLODBCStatement::GetPrimaryKeys(const char *pszTable,
                                     const char *pszCatalog,
                                     const char *pszSchema)

{
    if (pszCatalog == nullptr)
        pszCatalog = "";
    if (pszSchema == nullptr)
        pszSchema = "";

#if (ODBCVER >= 0x0300)

    if (!m_poSession->IsInTransaction())
    {
        /* commit pending transactions and set to autocommit mode*/
        m_poSession->ClearTransaction();
    }

#endif

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fetch columns resultset for this table.                         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (Failed(SQLPrimaryKeys(
            m_hStmt,
            reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>(pszCatalog)),
            SQL_NTS, reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>(pszSchema)),
            SQL_NTS, reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>(pszTable)),
            SQL_NTS)))
        return FALSE;

    return CollectResultsInfo();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetTables()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch tables in database.
 *
 * The SQLTables() function is used to fetch a list tables in the
 * database.    The result is returned as a result set matching
 * the SQLTables() function result set.  The 3rd column in the result
 * set is the table name.  Only tables of type "TABLE" are returned.
 *
 * @param pszCatalog the catalog to find the table in, use NULL (the
 * default) if no catalog is available.
 *
 * @param pszSchema the schema to find the table in, use NULL (the
 * default) if no schema is available.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
 */

int CPLODBCStatement::GetTables(const char *pszCatalog, const char *pszSchema)

{
    CPLDebug("ODBC", "CatalogNameL: %s\nSchema name: %s",
             pszCatalog ? pszCatalog : "(null)",
             pszSchema ? pszSchema : "(null)");

#if (ODBCVER >= 0x0300)

    if (!m_poSession->IsInTransaction())
    {
        // Commit pending transactions and set to autocommit mode.
        m_poSession->ClearTransaction();
    }

#endif

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fetch columns resultset for this table.                         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (Failed(SQLTables(
            m_hStmt,
            reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>(pszCatalog)),
            SQL_NTS, reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>(pszSchema)),
            SQL_NTS, nullptr, SQL_NTS,
            reinterpret_cast<SQLCHAR *>(const_cast<char *>("'TABLE','VIEW'")),
            SQL_NTS)))
        return FALSE;

    return CollectResultsInfo();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             DumpResult()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Dump resultset to file.
 *
 * The contents of the current resultset are dumped in a simply formatted
 * form to the provided file.  If requested, the schema definition will
 * be written first.
 *
 * @param fp the file to write to.  stdout or stderr are acceptable.
 *
 * @param bShowSchema TRUE to force writing schema information for the rowset
 * before the rowset data itself.  Default is FALSE.
 */

void CPLODBCStatement::DumpResult(FILE *fp, int bShowSchema)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Display schema                                                  */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (bShowSchema)
    {
        fprintf(fp, "Column Definitions:\n");
        for (int iCol = 0; iCol < GetColCount(); iCol++)
        {
            fprintf(fp, " %2d: %-24s ", iCol, GetColName(iCol));
            if (GetColPrecision(iCol) > 0 &&
                GetColPrecision(iCol) != GetColSize(iCol))
                fprintf(fp, " Size:%3d.%d", GetColSize(iCol),
                        GetColPrecision(iCol));
            else
                fprintf(fp, " Size:%5d", GetColSize(iCol));

            CPLString osType = GetTypeName(GetColType(iCol));
            fprintf(fp, " Type:%s", osType.c_str());
            if (GetColNullable(iCol))
                fprintf(fp, " NULLABLE");
            fprintf(fp, "\n");
        }
        fprintf(fp, "\n");
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Display results                                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int iRecord = 0;
    while (Fetch())
    {
        fprintf(fp, "Record %d\n", iRecord++);

        for (int iCol = 0; iCol < GetColCount(); iCol++)
        {
            fprintf(fp, "  %s: %s\n", GetColName(iCol), GetColData(iCol));
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetTypeName()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Get name for SQL column type.
 *
 * Returns a string name for the indicated type code (as returned
 * from CPLODBCStatement::GetColType()).
 *
 * @param nTypeCode the SQL_ code, such as SQL_CHAR.
 *
 * @return internal string, "UNKNOWN" if code not recognised.
 */

CPLString CPLODBCStatement::GetTypeName(int nTypeCode)

{
    switch (nTypeCode)
    {
        case SQL_CHAR:
            return "CHAR";

        case SQL_NUMERIC:
            return "NUMERIC";

        case SQL_DECIMAL:
            return "DECIMAL";

        case SQL_INTEGER:
            return "INTEGER";

        case SQL_SMALLINT:
            return "SMALLINT";

        case SQL_FLOAT:
            return "FLOAT";

        case SQL_REAL:
            return "REAL";

        case SQL_DOUBLE:
            return "DOUBLE";

        case SQL_DATETIME:
            return "DATETIME";

        case SQL_VARCHAR:
            return "VARCHAR";

        case SQL_TYPE_DATE:
            return "DATE";

        case SQL_TYPE_TIME:
            return "TIME";

        case SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP:
            return "TIMESTAMP";

        default:
            CPLString osResult;
            osResult.Printf("UNKNOWN:%d", nTypeCode);
            return osResult;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetTypeMapping()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Get appropriate C data type for SQL column type.
 *
 * Returns a C data type code, corresponding to the indicated SQL data
 * type code (as returned from CPLODBCStatement::GetColType()).
 *
 * @param nTypeCode the SQL_ code, such as SQL_CHAR.
 *
 * @return data type code. The valid code is always returned. If SQL
 * code is not recognised, SQL_C_BINARY will be returned.
 */

SQLSMALLINT CPLODBCStatement::GetTypeMapping(SQLSMALLINT nTypeCode)

{
    switch (nTypeCode)
    {
        case SQL_CHAR:
        case SQL_VARCHAR:
        case SQL_LONGVARCHAR:
            return SQL_C_CHAR;

        case SQL_WCHAR:
        case SQL_WVARCHAR:
        case SQL_WLONGVARCHAR:
            return SQL_C_WCHAR;

        case SQL_DECIMAL:
        case SQL_NUMERIC:
            return SQL_C_NUMERIC;

        case SQL_SMALLINT:
            return SQL_C_SSHORT;

        case SQL_INTEGER:
            return SQL_C_SLONG;

        case SQL_REAL:
            return SQL_C_FLOAT;

        case SQL_FLOAT:
        case SQL_DOUBLE:
            return SQL_C_DOUBLE;

        case SQL_BIGINT:
            return SQL_C_SBIGINT;

        case SQL_BIT:
        case SQL_TINYINT:
        // case SQL_TYPE_UTCDATETIME:
        // case SQL_TYPE_UTCTIME:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_MONTH:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_YEAR:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_YEAR_TO_MONTH:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_DAY:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_HOUR:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_MINUTE:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_SECOND:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_DAY_TO_HOUR:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_DAY_TO_MINUTE:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_DAY_TO_SECOND:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_HOUR_TO_MINUTE:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_HOUR_TO_SECOND:
        case SQL_INTERVAL_MINUTE_TO_SECOND:
            return SQL_C_CHAR;

        case SQL_GUID:
            return SQL_C_GUID;

        case SQL_DATE:
        case SQL_TYPE_DATE:
            return SQL_C_DATE;

        case SQL_TIME:
        case SQL_TYPE_TIME:
            return SQL_C_TIME;

        case SQL_TIMESTAMP:
        case SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP:
            return SQL_C_TIMESTAMP;

        case SQL_BINARY:
        case SQL_VARBINARY:
        case SQL_LONGVARBINARY:
        case -151:  // SQL_SS_UDT
            return SQL_C_BINARY;

        default:
            return SQL_C_CHAR;
    }
}
